DNA Study Results

GRAVES/GREAVES DNA SURNAME STUDY RESULTS

In addition to the discussion and analysis of the DNA test results presented below, see also the chart presentation of the possible ancestral connections of the various families. Up-to-date charts for most of the families that have participated in the DNA study can also be accessed by clicking on the links in the Genealogy column of the master DNA results table (below).

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

These are the results for the first 307 samples tested by Family Tree DNA. The study was started in July 2001, and the first group of 44 test results was received on Nov. 17, 2001. The results have been divided into groups that may or may not correspond to the families determined by conventional genealogical research. The groups are identified by various colors. A set of test results has been included as part of a group if there is no more than one change (mutation) in the first 12 markers (alleles) from the central value of the group. (There are several exceptions to that rule, where results that differ by 2 mutations have been put in a group. For a review of the rules for counting differences between DNA test results, see Guidelines for Counting Mismatches.) The test results that differ from the results of the rest of the group are shown in the following table as uncolored cells. The rows with no colors could not easily be assigned to one of the colored groups. Comments and analyses by anyone are welcomed. Further explanations, details, analyses, and conclusions will be added in the future. We may find as we get more results from some of the large families with good traditional documentation, that some participants with more mutations from the group norm may still be part of the family, possibly resulting in combining groups that now seem to be separate.

In December 2003, the haplogroup was added for each test result (as the last column in the following table). The table was then rearranged to keep all samples within the same haplogroup together. Each specific set of test results is called a haplotype. Each haplotype is part of a larger grouping called a haplogroup. A person is more closely related to another person in the same haplogroup than to people in a different haplogroup. To see how these haplogroups are related to each other, look at the diagram on the Family Tree DNA website. In the following table, haplogroups in black have been predicted by Family Tree DNA based on unambiguous results, and those in red have been confirmed by SNP testing (when there is a background color for the row, the haplogroup cell has been made uncolored so that it will stand out).

By June 2004, we started receiving results for markers 26-37, so the master results table below was expanded to allow display of those results. It was expected that these additional markers would allow some of the identical 25-marker matches to be differentiated.

In April 2006, the number of markers tested increased to 59 and then to 67, so the table was expanded to allow for that. The first 67-marker results were received in June 2006.

Comments on test results that aren't in one of the colored blocks: All y-DNA test results are part of some Graves/Greaves family. If the participant is part of a known family, then the point at which the haplotype changed is considered to be the start of a new haplotype within that family. (This situation is sometimes caused by error in traditional research, and the descendant actually belongs in a different lineage. Other times it is because of a "non-paternal event" such as adoption, name change, etc.) If the test results cannot be matched with those of any other participant, it may just be because not enough people have been tested. As matches are made in the future, new groups will probably be established.

Comments on the table: For the column headings that are marker names, the markers in red have shown a faster mutation rate than the average. Therefore, these markers may be more helpful at splitting family lineages into subsets or branches

The surname in the following table is that of the participant. The ancestors of that person may have used a different spelling. For instance, in the U.S. many early settlers changed the spelling of their name from Greaves or Grave to Graves. Examples of this are for genealogies 28 and 270 where present-day descendants in the U.S. use the Graves spelling, but the spelling in England was Greaves. Genealogy 247 is another example of the same thing, where ancestors in England and first settlers in America used the Greaves spelling, but most descendants used the Graves spelling. Another example is genealogy 85, where the early spelling was without the final "s" and took several forms, including Grave and Greave.

	Locus	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38	39	40	41	42	43	44	45	46	47	48	49	50	51	52	53	54	55	56	57	58	59	60	61	62	63	64	65	66	67
ID#	Surname & DYS #	3 9 3	3 9 0	1 9	3 9 1	3 8 5 a	3 8 5 b	4 2 6	3 8 8	4 3 9	3 8 9 i	3 9 2	3 8 9 ii	4 5 8	4 5 9 a	4 5 9 b	4 5 4	4 5 5	4 4 7	4 3 7	4 4 8	4 4 9	4 6 4 a	4 6 4 b	4 6 4 c	4 6 4 d	4 6 0	G A T A H 4	Y C A I I a	Y C A I I b	4 5 6	6 0 7	5 7 6	5 7 0	C D Y a	C D Y b	4 4 2	4 3 8	5 3 1	5 7 8	3 9 5 S 1 a	3 9 5 S 1 b	5 9 0	5 3 7	6 4 1	4 7 2	4 0 6 S 1	5 1 1	4 2 5	4 1 3 a	4 1 3 b	5 5 7	5 9 4	4 3 6	4 9 0	5 3 4	4 5 0	4 4 4	4 8 1	5 2 0	4 4 6	6 1 7	5 6 8	4 8 7	5 7 2	6 4 0	4 9 2	5 6 5	Gene- alogy	Haplo- group
32262	Graves	15	22	15	10	17	18	11	12	12	14	11	31																																																								??	E1b1a
N19423	Graves	13	21	15	10	15	16	11	12	11	13	11	30																																																								218	E1b1a
129642	Graves	13	21	15	10	15	16	11	12	11	13	11	30																																																								218	E1b1a
32505	Graves	14	21	16	10	16	17	11	12	12	13	11	32																																																								789	E1b1a
14379	Graves	13	24	13	10	16	17	11	12	13	14	11	31	15	9	9	11	11	28	14	20	33	14	16	17	17																																											366	E1b1b1a
2408	Graves	13	24	13	10	15	18	11	12	12	13	11	30																																																								68	E1b1b1a2
28522	Graves	13	22	14	10	13	13	11	14	12	12	11	29	15	8	9	8	11	22	16	20	25	12	14	15	15																																											624	I1
23421	Graves	13	22	14	10	13	14	11	14	11	12	11	28	14	8	9	8	11	24	16	20	30	12	15	16	16																																											59	I1
95947	Graves	13	22	14	10	14	14	11	14	11	12	11	28	16	8	9	8	11	23	15	20	28	12	14	15	16	11	10	19	21	15	13	17	21	36	36	12	10																															??	I1
112144	Graves	14	22	14	10	13	13	11	14	11	12	11	28	15	8	9	8	11	22	16	20	28	12	14	15	16	10	10	19	21	14	14	16	19	35	36	12	10																															287	I1
127890	Graves	14	22	14	11	13	14	11	14	11	12	11	28	16	8	9	8	11	22	16	19	28	14	14	14	15																																											558	I1
93203	Greaves	13	22	15	10	14	15	11	14	11	12	11	30	15	8	9	8	11	22	16	20	29	12	14	16	17	10	10	19	21	14	13	18	19	36	37	12	10																															745	I1
107256	Greaves	13	22	14	10	13	15	11	14	11	12	11	28	17	8	9	8	12	23	16	20	31	12	14	15	16	11	10	19	21	15	14	15	19	35	38	13	10	11	8	15	15	8	11	10	8	9	9	12	22	25	17	10	12	12	16	8	13	25	20	13	13	11	13	11	11	12	11	185	I1
1447	Graves	13	22	14	11	13	13	11	15	11	12	11	30	15	8	9	8	11	24	16	19	29	12	14	15	16	10	10	19	21	15	14	16	21	33	36	12	10	11	8	15	15	8	11	10	8	9	8	12	22	25	15	11	12	12	15	8	13	25	20	13	13	11	12	11	11	12	11	85	I1
1358	Greaves	13	23	14	10	14	14	11	12	11	12	11	28	15	8	9	8	11	23	16	20	28	12	14	15	16																																											592	I1
131472	Greaves	13	23	14	10	14	14	11	12	11	12	11	28	15	8	9	8	11	23	16	20	28	12	14	15	16	11	10	19	21	14	14	17	21	36	38	13	10																															592	I1
21628	Graves	13	23	15	10	12	12	11	15	12	14	11	30	16	7	8	11	11	25	15	21	30	11	14	14	15	10	11	11	21	14	12	16	18	33	33	12	10																															916	I1
1952	Graves	13	23	14	10	14	15	11	14	12	12	11	28	14	8	9	8	11	23	16	20	29	12	14	14	15																																											85	I1
3700	Graves	13	23	14	10	14	15	11	14	12	12	11	28																																																								85	I1
72723	Graves	13	23	14	10	14	15	11	14	12	12	11	28																																																								85	I1
3703	Graves	13	23	14	10	14	15	11	14	12	12	11	27	14	8	9	8	11	23	16	20	29	12	14	15	16	10	10	19	21	14	14	17	20	35	37	12	10																															85	I1
1330	Graves	13	23	14	10	14	15	11	14	12	12	11	28	14	8	9	8	11	23	16	20	29	12	14	15	16																																											85	I1
1331	Graves	13	23	14	10	14	15	11	14	12	12	11	28	14	8	9	8	11	23	16	20	29	12	14	15	16																																											85	I1
1332	Graves	13	23	14	10	14	15	11	14	12	12	11	28	14	8	9	8	11	23	16	20	29	12	14	15	16																																											85	I1
1342	Graves	13	23	14	10	14	15	11	14	12	12	11	28	14	8	9	8	11	23	16	20	29	12	14	15	16																																											85	I1
1448	Graves	13	23	14	10	14	15	11	14	12	12	11	28	14	8	9	8	11	23	16	20	29	12	14	15	16																																											85	I1
1450	Graves	13	23	14	10	14	15	11	14	12	12	11	28	14	8	9	8	11	23	16	20	29	12	14	15	16																																											85	I1
49781	Grave	13	23	14	10	14	15	11	14	12	12	11	28	14	8	9	8	11	23	16	20	29	12	14	15	16	10	10	19	21	14	14	17	20	35	37	12	10																															85	I1
1341	Graves	13	23	14	10	14	15	11	14	12	12	11	28	14	8	9	8	11	23	16	20	29	12	14	15	16																																											50	I1
39433	Graves	13	23	14	10	14	15	11	14	12	12	11	28	14	8	9	8	11	23	16	20	29	12	14	15	16	10	10	19	21	14	14	17	20	35	37	12	10																															35	I1
51704	Graves	13	23	14	10	15	15	11	14	12	12	11	28	14	8	9	8	11	23	16	20	29	12	14	15	16	10	10	19	21	14	14	17	20	35	37	12	10																															35	I1
1373	Graves	13	23	14	10	14	15	11	14	12	12	11	28	14	8	9	8	11	23	17	20	29	12	14	15	16																																											472	I1
1451	Greaves	13	25	15	10	11	16	11	13	11	14	11	30																																																								316	I2a
51718	Greaves	13	23	15	10	12	15	11	15	12	14	11	30	19	8	9	11	11	25	14	18	30	11	14	14	15	10	10	21	21	14	10	17	17	34	35	12	10																															??	I2a
1452	Graves	14	23	17	10	15	16	11	14	11	13	12	29																																																								90	I2b
1388	Graves	14	23	17	10	15	16	11	14	11	13	12	29																																																								90	I2b
121830	Graves	14	23	17	10	15	16	11	14	11	13	12	29	15	8	10	11	11	25	15	20	28	14	14	14	15	12	10	19	19	13	16	16	21	32	37	14	10																															280	I2b
1443	Graves	14	23	15	10	15	16	11	12	11	14	12	31	15	8	10	11	11	26	14	20	29	11	14	14	15	11	10	19	19	15	14	16	19	34	39	12	10																															48	I2b
39350	Graves	14	23	15	10	15	16	11	12	11	14	12	31	15	8	10	11	11	26	14	20	29	11	14	14	15	12	10	19	19	15	14	16	19	35	39	12	10																															258	I2b
2238	Graves	14	23	15	10	15	16	11	12	11	14	12	31	15	8	10	11	11	26	14	20	29	11	14	14	15	12	10	19	19	15	14	16	19	35	39	12	10																															258	I2b
31149	Graves	14	23	15	10	15	16	11	12	11	14	12	31	15	8	10	11	11	26	14	20	29	11	14	14	15																																											78	I2b
N56737	Graves	14	23	15	10	14	16	11	12	11	14	12	31	15	8	10	11	11	26	14	20	29	11	14	14	15	12	10	19	19	15	14	16	19	34	39	12	10																															78	I2b
2236	Graves	14	23	15	10	15	16	11	12	11	14	12	31																																																								189	I2b
2237	Graves	14	23	15	10	15	16	11	12	11	14	12	31																																																								189	I2b
107203	Graves	14	23	15	10	15	16	11	12	11	14	12	31																																																								381	I2b
32154	Graves	14	23	15	10	15	16	11	12	11	14	12	31	15	8	10	11	11	26	14	20	30	11	14	14	15	11	10	19	19	15	14	16	19	34	40	12	10																															920	I2b
32980	Graves	15	23	15	10	15	15	11	13	11	14	12	32	15	8	9	11	11	25	15	20	28	11	14	14	15																																											133	I2b
49472	Graves	14	23	15	10	14	15	11	13	11	14	12	32																																																								208	I2b
31923	Graves	14	24	15	11	14	15	11	13	11	14	12	32	14	8	10	11	11	26	14	20	28	11	13	15	15																																											919	I2b
51712	Graves	14	20	15	10	15	15	11	13	11	13	12	32	15	8	10	11	12	25	14	20	27	11	14	14	14	10	9	19	21	15	14	16	20	33	39	12	10																															938	I2b
1956	Graves	12	23	14	10	13	16	11	16	12	13	11	29	17	9	9	11	11	24	14	20	29	13	14	14	16																																											168	J2
46949	Greaves	12	24	15	10	14	17	11	15	12	12	11	29	16	8	9	10	11	26	16	19	27	13	15	16	18	11	10	19	20	13	14	17	17	34	37	11	9																															??	J2
46779	Graves	12	23	14	10	13	15	11	13	11	12	11	28	16	9	9	11	11	20	15	20	34	12	13	15	17	11	10	19	21	15	13	17	16	34	37	11	9																															785	J2
19092	Greaves	13	23	13	10	13	17	12	12	12	12	12	28	16	9	9	11	11	24	14	19	29	14	14	14	15																																											768	Q
1382	Greaves	13	25	15	10	11	14	12	12	10	14	11	31	15	9	10	11	11	23	14	20	32	12	15	15	16	11	12	19	21	15	16	17	18	33	36	11	11	11	8	17	17	8	12	10	8	11	10	12	22	22	14	11	12	12	13	8	14	22	21	12	12	11	13	11	11	12	11	336	R1a
51705	Greaves	13	25	15	10	11	14	12	12	10	14	11	31	15	9	10	11	11	23	14	20	32	12	15	15	16	11	12	19	21	15	16	17	18	33	36	11	11																															336	R1a
80682	Greaves	13	25	15	10	11	14	12	12	10	14	11	31	15	9	10	11	11	23	14	20	32	12	15	15	16	11	12	19	21	15	16	18	18	33	38	12	11																															197	R1a
38752	Greaves	13	25	15	10	11	14	12	12	10	14	11	31	15	9	11	11	11	23	14	20	32	12	15	15	16	11	12	19	21	15	16	17	17	33	38	12	11																															156	R1a
52330	Greaves	13	25	15	10	11	14	12	12	10	14	11	31	15	9	11	11	11	23	14	20	32	12	15	15	16	11	12	19	21	15	16	17	19	33	37	12	11																															156	R1a
24393	Greaves	13	25	15	10	11	14	12	12	10	14	11	30	15	9	10	11	11	23	14	20	32	12	15	15	16	11	12	19	21	15	16	17	18	33	37	12	11	11	8	17	17	8	12	10	8	11	10	12	22	22	14	11	12	12	13	8	14	22	21	12	12	11	13	11	11	12	11	156	R1a
51708	Graves	13	25	15	10	11	15	12	10	10	13	11	30	16	9	10	11	11	24	14	19	32	14	14	15	15	10	11	19	23	17	17	18	18	34	37	15	11																															904	R1a
2403	Graves	12	25	15	10	11	14	12	12	13	13	13	29	17	9	9	11	11	20	15	19	28	15	15	16	16																																											69	R1b1
2231	Greaves	13	23	14	11	12	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	39	12	12																															47	R1b1
3694	Greaves	13	23	14	11	12	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	11	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	39	12	12	11	9	15	16	8	10	10	8	10	10	12	23	23	17	10	12	12	15	8	12	22	20	14	12	12	13	11	11	12	12	47	R1b1
76150	Greaves	13	23	14	12	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	16	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	17	35	39	12	12																															47	R1b1c
1357	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	11	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	35	40	11	12	11	9	15	16	8	10	10	8	10	10	12	23	23	16	10	12	12	14	8	12	22	20	14	12	12	13	11	11	12	12	443	R1b1c
1444	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16																																											270	R1b1
1620	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	40	12	12	11	9	15	16	8	10	10	8	10	10	12	23	23	17	10	12	12	14	8	12	22	20	14	12	12	13	11	11	12	12	270	R1b1c
49114	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	40	12	12																															935	R1b1
90821	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	40	12	12																															270	R1b1
1622	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	14	17	18	36	40	12	12	11	9	15	16	8	10	10	8	10	10	12	23	23	17	10	12	12	14	8	12	22	20	14	12	12	13	11	11	12	12	270	R1b1c
1868	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16																																											270	R1b1
1869	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16																																											270	R1b1
2405	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	40	12	12	11	9	15	16	8	10	10	8	10	10	12	23	23	17	10	12	12	14	8	12	22	20	14	12	12	13	11	11	12	12	270	R1b1c
51706	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	40	12	12																															270	R1b1
7152	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16																																											270	R1b1
3699	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	40	12	12	11	9	15	16	8	10	10	8	10	10	12	23	23	17	10	12	12	14	8	12	22	20	14	12	12	13	11	11	12	12	270	R1b1c
17833	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16																																											270	R1b1
31930	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	40	12	12																															270	R1b1
35472	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	40	12	12																															270	R1b1c
67240	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	40	12	12	11	9	15	16	8	10	10	8	10	10	12	23	23	17	10	12	12	14	8	12	22	20	14	12	11	13	11	11	12	12	270	R1b1c
74299	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	35	40	12	12																															270	R1b1c
100861	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29																																																								270	R1b1c
108823	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	40	12	12																															270	R1b1c
79555	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	40	12	12	11	9	15	16	8	10	10	8	10	10	12	23	23	17	10	12	12	14	8	12	23	20	14	12	12	13	11	11	12	12	270	R1b1c
48118	Graves	13	23	14	10	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	35	40	12	12	11	9	15	16	8	10	10	8	10	10	12	23	23	17	10	12	12	14	8	12	22	20	14	12	12	13	11	11	12	12	270	R1b1c
20362	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	41	12	12	11	9	15	16	8	10	10	8	10	10	12	23	23	17	10	12	12	14	8	12	22	20	14	12	12	13	11	11	12	12	877	R1b1c
105422	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	40	12	12	11	9	15	16	8	10	10	8	10	10	12	23	23	17	10	12	12	14	8	12	22	20	14	12	12	13	11	11	12	12	877	R1b1c
34631	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	40	12	12	11	9	15	16	8	10	10	8	10	10	12	23	23	17	10	12	12	14	8	12	22	20	14	12	12	14	11	11	12	12	741	R1b1c
91582	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29																																																								741	R1b1c
51950	Graves	13	22	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	26	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	40	12	12																															270	R1b1
34554	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	18	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16																																											270	R1b1
103571	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	12	13	13	29	18	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16																																											270	R1b1c
28671	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	15	12	12	13	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	12	11	19	23	16	15	17	18	36	40	12	12																															172	R1b1
1370	Graves	13	23	14	11	11	13	12	12	12	13	13	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	14	19	29	15	15	16	16	11	11	19	23	17	15	17	18	36	40	12	12